[GiftEconomy] "five types of social value orientations" - motivational theory of choice behavior

[Dante-Gabryell Monson]

See below the "altruistic" category defined in social value orientation...

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*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Value_Orientations*

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* <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Value_Orientations>Social value
orientations* (also referred to as *social motives*, *social values*, or *value
orientations*)

is a social psychology<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology_(psychology)>
motivational
theory of choice behavior in game
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory> situations
advanced by David M. Messick and Charles G. McClintock in
1968.[1]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Value_Orientations#cite_note-Messick68-0>
Unlike
the traditional rational choice
theory<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_theory> in
mainstream economics <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics>, which assumes
that all individuals make choices that maximize their own
payoffs<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_form_game>
 in social dilemma <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_dilemma>situations,
social value orientations consider
personality<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_psychology>
differences
across individuals which leads to a range of preferences for one’s own
well-being and the well-being of
others.[2]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Value_Orientations#cite_note-Offernman96-1>

Social value orientations are based on the assumption that individuals
pursue different goals when making decisions for which the outcomes affect
others. Social psychologists generally distinguish between five types of
social value orientations. The main difference between each category is the
extent to which one cares about his or her own payoffs and that of the other
in social dilemma situations.




Social Value Orientations Categories

   - *Altruistic*: Desire to maximize the welfare of the other
   - *Cooperative*: Desire to maximize joint outcomes
   - *Individualistic*: Desire to maximize own welfare with no concern of
   that of the other
   - *Competitive*: Desire to maximize own welfare relative to that of the
   other
   - *Aggressive*: Desire to minimize the welfare of the other

Most individuals are either cooperative or individualistic.
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